Alanine
1. Synthesis of Alanine is a one-step transamination reaction though it is synthesized by other pathways also.
2. Pyruvate is transaminated by aminotransferase enzyme.
3. Alanine is also formed during Trypotophan degradation.

Arginine
1. Glutamate is phosphorylated and reduced to glutamate-5-semialdehyde.
2. Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is then transaminated to form Ornithine, an intermediate product of urea cycle.
3. Arginine is synthesized by urea cycle through Citrulline and L-arginosuccinate along with the liberation of Fumarate.

Asparagine
1. Asparagine is synthesized directly from Aspartic acid by ATP-dependent amidation.
2. Aspartic acid is, in turn, synthesized by transamination of oxaloacetate.

Aspartic acid
1. Aspartic acid is also synthesized by a one-step transamination reaction.
2. The precursor molecule is oxaloacetate.

Cysteine
1. Homocysteine and Serine combine to form Cystathione with the help of Cystathionine b-synthetase.
2. Cystathionine is cleaved to Cysteine and a-ketobutyrate by Cystathionine g-lyase.
3. Also synthesized by the combination of serine and hydrogen sulphide.

Glutamic acid
1. Synthesized by transfer of amino group to a-ketoglutarate.

Glutamine
1. Glutamate is activated by reaction with ATP.
2. Ammonia then displaces the phosphate group to produce Glutamine.

Glycine
1. Glycine is synthesized from serine by direct conversion.
2. Serine hydroxymethyl transferase and tetrahydrofolate is involved.
3 Glycine can also be synthesized by condensation of N⁵, N^{10 -}methylene THF with CO₂ and NH₄⁺  by glycine synthase.

Histidine
1. Histidine synthesis begins with 5-Phosphoribosyl- a-pyrophosphate (PRPP).
2. Five of histidine's six C atoms are derived from(PRPP).Sixth C atom originates from ATP.
3. PRPP is also involved in the biosynthesis of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides.

Isoleucine
1. a-ketobutyrate combines with hydroxylethyl-TPP to form a-aceto-a-hydroxybutyrate.
2. a-aceto-a-hydroxybutyrate is converted to a-keto-b-methylvalerate.
3. a-keto-b-methylvalerate this is transaminated by aminotransferase to form isoleucine.

Leucine
1.a-acetoactate is form by combining pyruvate and hydroxylethyl-TPP.
2. a-acetoactate is converted to a-ketoisovalerate which is converted to a- ketoisocaproate by a series of reaction.
3.a-ketoisocaproate is transaminated by aminotransferase to form leucine.

Lysine
1. Synthesis of lysine starts with aspartate.
2. Aspartate is phosphorylated by aspartokinase to yield aspartyl-b-phosphate.
3. Aspartyl-b-phosphate is reduced to b-aspartate-semialdehyde which forms lysine by a series of reactions.

Methionine
1. Synthesis of lysine start with aspartate.
2. Aspartate is phosphorylated by aspartokinase to yield aspartyl-b-phosphate .
3. Aspartyl-b-phosphate is reduced to b-aspartate-semialdehyde which is again reduced to homoserine.
4. Homoserine is converted to homocysteine by a series of 3 reaction.
5. Homocysteine finally converts to methionine with the help of N⁵-Methyl-THF.

Phenylalanine
1. Synthesis of Phenylalanine begins with Chorismate.
2. Chorismate converts to prephenate which forms Phenylalanine by 2 reactions.

Proline
1. Glutamate is phosphorylated and reduced to glutamate-5-semialdehyde.
2. Glutamate-5-semialdehyde is spontaneously to pyrroline-5-carboxylate.
3. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate is reduced to form Proline.

Serine
1. 3-Phosphoglyceraldehyde is converted to 3-Phosphohydroxypyruvate by Phosphoglyceraldehyde dehydrogenase.
2. Amino transferase adds an amino group to 3-Phosphohydroxypyruvate thus forming 3- Phosphoserine.
3. 3-Phosphoserine is then finally converted to serine by Phosphoserine phosphatase.

Threonine
1. Synthesis of lysine start with aspartate.
2. Aspartate is phosphorylated by aspartokinase to yield aspartyl-b-phosphate.
3. Aspartyl-b-phosphate is reduced to b-aspartate-semialdehyde which is again reduced to homoserine.
4. Homoserine is then converted to threonine by 2 reactions.

Tryptophan
1. Synthesis of Tryptophan begins with Chorismate.
2. Chorismate converts to anthranilate which forms Indole-3-glycerol phosphate by 3 reactions.
3. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate is removed from Indole-3-glycerol phosphate to form Indole which is converted to tryptophan by combining with serine.

Tyrosine
1. The aromatic amino acids are synthesized from chorismate.
2. Phosphoenol pyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate combines to form a compound which gives chorismate after a series of 6 reactions.
3. Chorismate converts to prephenate which forms Tyrosine by 2 reactions.

Valine
1.a-acetoactate is form by combining pyruvate and hydroxylethyl-TPP
2. a-acetoactate is converted to a-ketoisovalerate.
3. a-ketoisovalerate is transaminated to valine by valine aminotransferase