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Serine
Some
important facts about Serine
It was first obtained from silk protein in 1865. It occurs
in the active sites of chymotrypsin, trypsin
The nerve gases and many substances used in insecticides have
been shown to act by combining with a residue of serine in
the active site of acetylcholine esterase, inhibiting the
enzyme completely.
Its side chain can undergo O-linked glycosylation. It is phosphorylated
by kinases during cell signalling in eukaryotes. Phosphorylated
serine residues are often referred to as phosphoserine
It acts as a neuronal signaling molecule. Serine is also a
precursor to Folate
The Serine octamer cluster in physical chemistry is an unusually
stable cluster consisting of eight serine molecules (Ser)
implicated in the origin of homochirality.
Serine is required for the immune system as it assists in
the production of immunoglobulins and antibodies. Some derivatives
(e.g. ethanolamine) are also important components of the phospholipids
found in biological membranes.
It is also used in cosmetics as a skin moisturizer. Serine
helps produce immunoglobulins for a strong immune system,
and also aids in the absorption of creatine, a substance made
from amino acids that helps build and maintain all the muscles
in the body, including the heart.
Effect
of high intake
Elevated serine levels may cause immune suppression and psychological
symptoms as in cerebral allergies
Metabolism
It can be synthesized in the body from other metabolites (Glycine)
so it is a non-essential amino acid. In order for serine to
be manufactured in the body, sufficient amounts of vitamin
B3 and vitamin B6, and folic acid must be present.
It participates in the biosynthesis of purines and pyrimidines,
glycine, cysteine and tryptophan (in bacteria).
Serine relates to the interconversion to glucose by the way
of gluconeogenesis and to many other substances including
sphingosine and the phosphatides, which are part of the myelin
covering of the nerves
Deficiency
symptoms
Low levels of serine may contribute to chronic fatigue syndrome
(CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM).
Source
It is found in meats and dairy products, wheat gluten, peanuts
as well as soy products.
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